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The Federal Budget: Spending, Taxes, and Debt

EPIC EXPLAINER: FY 2026 Appropriations Levels

The Federal Budget: Spending, Taxes, and Debt EPIC Explainers Infographics, Tables, & Charts Publication ResourceSeptember 12, 2025 By Matthew Dickerson

Introduction

Both the House and Senate have made progress on the Fiscal Year (FY) 2026 appropriations bills. The Senate is proposing to increase spending by about $50 billion above the current FY 2025 levels and the House’s proposed FY 2026 bills.

Status of FY 2026 Appropriations

The House has passed its Defense, Military Construction-Veterans Affairs (Milcon-VA), and Energy and Water appropriations bills. The Senate has passed its Agriculture, Legislative Branch, and MilCon-VA bills. The House Appropriations Committee has marked all of the 12 regular appropriations bills. The Senate Appropriations Committee has marked up eight bills.

House vs. Senate

The Senate is proposing higher spending levels than the House. Comparing the eight bills for which proposed spending levels are available, the Senate totals about $50 billion above the House levels.
FY 2026 Appropriations House vs Senate
Bill

House

Senate

House vs. Senate

Ag

25.523

27.100

-1.577

CJS

76.824

79.711

-2.887

DOD

831.513

851.900

-20.387

E&W

57.300

N/A

N/A

FSGG

23.198

N/A

N/A

DHS

66.361

N/A

N/A

Interior

37.971

38.600

-0.629

LHHSED

184.491

197.000

-12.509

Leg

6.700

7.100

-0.400

MilCon-VA

152.091

153.501

-1.410

State

46.218

N/A

N/A

THUD

89.910

100.226

-10.316

Total

1,598.100

1,455.138*

-50.115*

Base budget authority in billions of dollars. *Reflects the eight of 12 appropriations bills reported in the Senate. Sources: House and Senate Appropriations Committees and Congressional Budget Office.

House and Senate vs. 2025

The Senate is proposing to increase spending in FY 2026 above the FY 2025 enacted appropriations levels while the House is proposing a slight decrease. The eight Senate FY 2026 bills that are available for review are about $50.5 billion in total above the enacted FY 2025 levels. The House FY 2026 appropriations bills (all 12 are available) are about $2 billion below the enacted FY 2025 levels.
FY 2026 Appropriations House and Senate vs 2025
Bill Enacted

2025

House 2026 Senate 2026   House vs. 2025

Senate vs. 2025

Ag

26.643

25.523 27.100   -1.120

0.457

CJS

67.810

76.824 79.711   9.014

11.901

DOD

831.513

831.513 851.900   0.000

20.387

E&W

58.066

57.300 N/A   -0.766

N/A

FSGG

15.873

23.198 N/A   7.325

N/A

DHS

65.030

66.361 N/A   1.331

N/A

Interior

40.874

37.971 38.600   -2.903

-2.274

LHHSED

198.150

184.491 197.000   -13.659

-1.150

Leg

6.742

6.700 7.100   -0.042

0.358

MilConVA

146.553

152.091 153.501   5.538

6.948

State

56.847

46.218 N/A   -10.629

N/A

THUD

86.370

89.910 100.226   3.540 13.856

Total

1,600.471

1,598.100 1,455.138*   -2.371

50.483*

Base budget authority in billions of dollars. * Reflects the eight of 12 appropriations bills reported in the Senate. Sources: House and Senate Appropriations Committees and Congressional Budget Office.
   

Author

Matthew D. Dickerson

Matthew D. Dickerson

Director of Budget Policy

Matthew D. Dickerson is Director of Budget Policy at the Economic Policy Innovation Center (EPIC). Dickerson is recognized as an expert on fiscal policy issues, including the budget, appropriations, and entitlement reform. His articles have been featured in the Wall Street Journal , the Miami Herald , National Review , the Sacramento Bee , the Washington Times , the Baltimore Sun , The Hill , the Washington Examiner , and other outlets. Prior to joining EPIC, Dickerson served as Senior Policy Advisor on the staff of the House Budget Committee, where he helped lead development of the fiscal year 2024 budget resolution. He has a dozen years of experience on Capitol Hill, including as a senior staffer with the Republican Study Committee (RSC), the caucus of conservatives in the House of Representatives. Under four different RSC chairmen, Dickerson held senior level roles including Policy Director and Senior Policy Staff. Additionally, he served as Legislative Director and other policy positions for the late Congressman C.W. Bill Young (R-FL), a former Chairman of the powerful House Appropriations Committee. During his tenure at The Heritage Foundation, Dickerson was Director of the Grover M. Hermann Center for the Federal Budget. In this capacity, he oversaw a team of budget analysts and economists researching diverse subjects including spending, entitlements, budget process, tax, labor, pensions, and infrastructure issues. He has also been a Policy Manager at Americans for Prosperity, where he supervised a team of fellows and analysts covering a variety of federal and state policy issues. Dickerson is a graduate of the College of William and Mary in Virginia and holds a Bachelor of Arts in Government and History.

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