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The Federal Budget: Spending, Taxes, and Debt

EPIC EXPLAINER: The Fiscal Year 2023 Deficit

The Federal Budget: Spending, Taxes, and Debt EPIC Explainers ResourceOctober 20, 2023 By Matthew Dickerson

Fiscal Year 2023 Deficit Picture

On October 10, 2023, the Congressional Budget Office released the final tally of the government's spending, revenues, and deficit for fiscal year 2023, which ended on September 30, 2023. CBO’s official report shows that deficits are significantly higher and growing. The only way to put the budget on a sustainable fiscal path is to control the growth of spending.

FY 2023 Official Results

  • Outlays: $6.1 trillion
  • Revenues: $4.4 trillion
  • Deficit: $1.7 trillion
  • National Debt: $2 trillion higher

Worse than Projected

Compared to CBO’s FY23 projections when Biden assumed office:
  • Outlays: $966 billion higher
  • Revenues: $239 billion higher
  • Deficit: $727 billion higher

FY 2023 vs FY 2022

  • Compared to FY 2022, in 2023:
    • Deficit: 23% higher
    • Outlays: 2% lower
    • Revenues: 9% lower
  • The outlay reduction reflects the SCOTUS ruling on student loans and the expiration of COVID and ARPA programs.
  • Programs in the budget driving the long term fiscal imbalance all increased spending significantly in FY 2023, up from FY 2022.
    • Interest payments on the debt increased 33%, Medicare 18%, Social Security 11%, and Medicaid 4%.

Impact of Student Loans

  • Excluding one-time accounting of the Supreme Court blocking Biden’s student loan cancellation:
    • Outlays: $6.5 trillion
    • Deficit: $2 trillion
  • Taxpayer-financed subsidy costs of Biden's loan cancellation were booked as higher government spending in FY 2022.
  • After SCOTUS struck down Biden's plan, $333 billion in lower government subsidy costs were accounted for in August 2023, reversing the deficit impacts of the proposal from the prior year.

Author

Matthew D. Dickerson

Matthew D. Dickerson

Director of Budget Policy

Matthew D. Dickerson is Director of Budget Policy at the Economic Policy Innovation Center (EPIC). Dickerson is recognized as an expert on fiscal policy issues, including the budget, appropriations, and entitlement reform. His articles have been featured in the Wall Street Journal , the Miami Herald , National Review , the Sacramento Bee , the Washington Times , the Baltimore Sun , The Hill , the Washington Examiner , and other outlets. Prior to joining EPIC, Dickerson served as Senior Policy Advisor on the staff of the House Budget Committee, where he helped lead development of the fiscal year 2024 budget resolution. He has a dozen years of experience on Capitol Hill, including as a senior staffer with the Republican Study Committee (RSC), the caucus of conservatives in the House of Representatives. Under four different RSC chairmen, Dickerson held senior level roles including Policy Director and Senior Policy Staff. Additionally, he served as Legislative Director and other policy positions for the late Congressman C.W. Bill Young (R-FL), a former Chairman of the powerful House Appropriations Committee. During his tenure at The Heritage Foundation, Dickerson was Director of the Grover M. Hermann Center for the Federal Budget. In this capacity, he oversaw a team of budget analysts and economists researching diverse subjects including spending, entitlements, budget process, tax, labor, pensions, and infrastructure issues. He has also been a Policy Manager at Americans for Prosperity, where he supervised a team of fellows and analysts covering a variety of federal and state policy issues. Dickerson is a graduate of the College of William and Mary in Virginia and holds a Bachelor of Arts in Government and History.

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